Back matter
Further Reading
The works this book leans on, and where it leans on them. None of them are about games, and that's the point: the root causes of game design are human, so the best sources are about humans.
Needs and communication#
- Marshall B. Rosenberg, Nonviolent Communication: A Language of Life
- The source of the whole mindset: needs, feelings, strategies, OFNR, power over and power with, and why rewards and punishments fail. If you read one thing from this list, read this. I learned it through videos and audiobooks, which work just as well. Used throughout, above all in Chapter 9.
- The Center for Nonviolent Communication, cnvc.org
- Free material, including the needs inventory and the feelings inventory. Search for "NVC needs inventory" and "NVC feelings inventory", and print both (The lists to keep at hand).
- Manfred Max-Neef, Human Scale Development
- The economist's view of fundamental human needs, and the matrix of needs as qualities, things, actions and settings. Also the one economics idea the book keeps (Chapter 9, Chapter 17).
- William Glasser, Choice Theory
- Another route to the same conclusion: all behavior is an attempt to meet basic needs, and fun is tied to learning. A bit reductive, but a clear second angle (Another angle: Glasser).
Rewards, motivation and competition#
- Alfie Kohn, Punished by Rewards
- Why extrinsic goals and incentives poison whatever they're attached to. Kohn writes about schools, workplaces and families, and every word applies to game design and game development (Chapter 6, Chapter 9).
- Alfie Kohn, No Contest: The Case Against Competition
- Competition isn't a law of nature; it's an arrangement people invented. This book made me stop playing competitive human-vs-human games for good, and I recommend it to every game designer (Chapter 15, Chapter 30).
Marketing and business#
- Tad Hargrave, Marketing for Hippies (marketingforhippies.com)
- Marketing and business in a way that doesn't make you hate yourself. Not from the games industry, but easy to adapt, and most of it is free (Marketing).
Ideas met along the way#
- The four stages of competence, usually credited to Noel Burch: why intention runs ahead of skill, and how to skip the first stage (Chapter 14).
- Murphy's law: "Anything that can go wrong, will go wrong", and at the scale of a playerbase it's guaranteed (Chapter 14).
- Carl Sagan, Cosmos: "If you wish to make an apple pie from scratch, you must first invent the universe" (Chapter 21).
- Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, On Death and Dying: the five stages of grief, which people go through when a new idea shakes their world (Chapter 33).
- Jacque Fresco, "nothing things" (the talk, and his whole playlist): things that fill a life without giving anything back. Most relevant to games that violate the need for meaning (Needs at a Glance).
- Cognitive biases: there are well over a hundred named ones, and you don't need to learn them all. They share one root: believing without verifying (Chapter 4).
The articles behind the book#
Much of Parts II, IV and V started as my articles, which are free on the portfolio site. They're blunter than the book, and they have pictures.
- Games Are Need Satisfiers: Chapter 10
- Where Does Meaning or Motivation Come From in a Video Game?: Chapter 13
- Why I Don't Play Competitive Human vs Human Games Anymore: Chapter 15
- How to Grow as a Game Designer: Chapters 21, 30 and 33
- Throwaway Games Are a Band-Aid Approach: Chapter 22
- Additive vs Multiplicative Game Content: Chapter 23
- Future of Games, the Next Big Innovation: Chapters 22, 23, 25 and 27
- How to Contextualize Narrative Within Infinite Metagames: Player-Run Services: Chapter 24
- Astroneer: 8th Planet Infinite Metagame Concept: Chapter 24
- How to Set Up Pacing, Difficulty and Progression Within an Infinite Metagame: Chapters 24, 25 and 26
- My View on the Universe, Life and Death, Part 2: Chapter 26
- What Really Is a Game Designer: Chapter 27
- Scope Creep Is Not an Enemy: Chapter 28
- Forking Drives Innovation, Not Competition!: Chapter 30
- Reactorcore's Big Projects: Chapters 25 and 32
- How to Get Started as a Complete Beginner in Game Development and Evolution of a Game Designer: Chapter 33
Reactorcore
Game Design Technology: The Holy Grail of Fun